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Pleins feux sur les glucides et la nutrition
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2006 |
Années precedents
- Décembre 2007 - Quantité et qualité des glucides en fonction de l'indice de masse corporelle
Quantité et qualité des glucides en fonction de l'indice de masse corporelle
Gaesser GA.
Department of Human Services, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22904-4407, USA. gag2q@virginia.edu
J Am Diet Assoc. 2007 Oct;107(10):1768-80.
The increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States since approximately 1980 is temporally associated with an increase in carbohydrate intake, with no appreciable change in absolute intake of fat. Despite speculation that both carbohydrate quantity and quality have contributed significantly to excess weight gain, the relationship between carbohydrate intake and body mass index (BMI) is controversial. A review of relevant literature indicates that most epidemiologic studies show an inverse relationship between carbohydrate intake and BMI, even when controlling for potential confounders. These observational studies are supported by results from a number of dietary intervention studies wherein modest reductions in body weight were observed with an ad libitum, low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet without emphasis on energy restriction or weight loss. With few exceptions, high glycemic load is associated with lower BMI, even when adjusted for total energy intake. Data on the association between glycemic index and BMI are not as consistent, with more studies showing either no association or an inverse relationship, rather than a positive relationship. Whole-grain intake is generally inversely associated with BMI; refined grain intake is not. Because overall dietary quality tends to be higher for high-carbohydrate diets, a low-fat dietary strategy with emphasis on fiber-rich carbohydrates, particularly cereal fiber, may be beneficial for health and weight control.
Link to abstract
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- Octobre 2007 - Nouvelles ressources: Les embûches de l’alimentation, Les sucres et la santé
Nouvelles ressources: Les embûches de l’alimentation, Les sucres et la santé
Le Service d'information sur la nutrition de l'Institut canadien du sucre (ICS) a le plaisir de vous présenter le tout dernier numéro du bulletin annuel pour les professionnels de la santé, Glucides-Info, et d’une autre ressource à l'intention des consommateurs, Clips sur les sucres.
Ce numéro de Glucides-Info comprend un article de Brian Wansink, de l’Université Cornell, sur la complexité des décisions en ce qui concerne la consommation des aliments. Vous y trouverez aussi les points saillants d’un sondage récent auprès des consommateurs sur les connaissances et attitudes envers les glucides et les sucres.
Ce numéro de Clips sur les sucres parle de problèmes courants en rapport aux sucres et la santé, dont le diabète, l’activité physique et les soins dentaires.
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- Août 2007 - Effet de l'écoute de la télévision sur le contrôle de l'apport énergétique
Effet de l'écoute de la télévision sur le contrôle de l'apport énergétique
RBellissimo N, Pencharz PB, Thomas SG, Anderson GH.
Department of Nutritional Sciences [N.B., P.B.P., G.H.A.], Department of Paediatrics [P.B.P.], Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada; Faculty of Physical Education and Health [S.G.T.], University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2W6, Canada.
Pediatric Research, 2007, 61(6):745-749.
Television viewing (TVV) is considered a contributing factor to the development of childhood obesity yet it is unclear whether obesity results, in part, from increased energy intake during TVV. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of TVV on food intake (FI) of boys at a meal and its effect on caloric compensation at the test meal after a premeal glucose drink.
On four separate mornings and in random order, boys received equally sweetened preloads containing Splenda sucralose or glucose [1.0 g/kg body weight (BW)] in 250 mL of water 2 h after a standard breakfast. Food intake from a pizza meal was measured 30 min later with or without TVV. Both preload treatment (p < 0.01) and TVV (p < 0.001) affected FI (kcal). TVV increased lunchtime FI by an average of 228 kcal. Glucose suppressed FI in the no TVV condition compared with control, but the effect was not statistically significant during TVV. Body composition and subjective appetite scores were positively associated with FI at the test lunch.
In conclusion, TVV while eating a meal contributes to increased energy intake by delaying normal mealtime satiation and reducing satiety signals from previously consumed foods.
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- Juin 2007 - Consommation de sucres ajoutés et de micronutriments - Examen systématique
Consommation de sucres ajoutés et de micronutriments - Examen systématique
Rennie K, and Livingstone B. Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK. British Journal of Nutrition, 2007, 97: 832-841
There is increasing concern that high intakes of added sugars might compromise intakes of micronutrients. The objectives of this systematic review were (1) to determine whether dietary added sugar intake was associated with micronutrient intakes, and if so, whether there was evidence of micronutrient dilution as a result of higher dietary added sugar intake and (2) if micronutrient dilution was present, to determine whether there was sufficiently robust evidence to support a threshold effect above which there was a significant decline in micronutrient intake or status relative to the recommended intakes. A systematic computerised literature search was undertaken, limited to studies written in English published from 1980 onwards and further studies identified through hand searching papers. Fifteen studies that assessed associations between intakes of added sugars or non-milk extrinsic sugars and micronutrients were included.Overall, there are insufficient data and inconsistency between studies in relationships between added sugars and micronutrient intakes, with no clear evidence of micronutrient dilution or a threshold for a quantitative amount of added sugar intake for any of the micronutrients investigated. The current evidence base is considerably constrained by methodological issues. Further research is required to determine which food products high in added sugars might adversely affect micronutrient intakes by displacing other food items from the diet. Analyses should take into account the magnitude of any observed associations to determine their true biological significance.
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- Avril 2007 - Les calories liquides, le sucre et le poids
Les calories liquides, le sucre et le poids
Drewnowski A, and Bellisle F.
Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2007, 85(3): 651-661:S1-S783
The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has been linked to rising rates of obesity in the United States. The standard explanation is that energy-containing liquids are less satiating than are solid foods. However, purely physiologic mechanisms do not fully account for the proposed links between liquid sugar energy and body weight change. First, a re-evaluation of published epidemiologic studies of consumption of sweetened beverages and overweight shows that most such studies either are cross-sectional or are based on passive surveillance of temporal trends and thus permit no conclusions about causal links. Second, research evidence comparing the short-term satiating power of different types of liquids and of solids remains inconclusive. Numerous clinical studies have shown that sugar-containing liquids, when consumed in place of usual meals, can lead to a significant and sustained weight loss. The principal ingredient of liquid meal replacement shakes is sugar, often high-fructose corn syrup, which is present in amounts comparable to those in soft drinks. Far from suppressing satiety, one such liquid shake is marketed on the grounds that it helps control hunger and prevents hunger longer when consumed for the purpose of weight loss. These inconsistencies raise the question whether the issue of sugars and body weight should continue to be framed purely in metabolic or physiologic terms. The effect of sugar consumption on body weight can also depend on behavioral intent, context, and the mode of use, availability, and cost of sweetened liquids.
Link to abstract
Link to full text
Other recent review articles from the same authors include:
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- Février 2007 - Les glucides simples et l'obésité : les faits, la fiction et l'avenir
Les glucides simples et l'obésité : les faits, la fiction et l'avenir
Supplement to the International Journal of Obesity, Décembre 2006; 30:S1-S783
These proceedings are a summary of an international workshop held on Avril 5-6, 2006 in Utrecht, The Netherlands. The papers presented in this journal supplement provide an interesting and authoritative perspective on a very complex and conflicting topic in nutritional science. The workshop was set up to discuss three major topic areas which included:
- the roles and mechanisms for the contribution of macronutrients (carbohydrates, protein and fat) on energy intake, body weight regulation and obesity;
- review of the evidence regarding the relative impact of sugars-sweetened beverages and solid foods on energy intake and the development of obesity; and
- the complex assessment of the potential role of glycemic index and low GI foods in body weight control and the prevention and management of obesity and other chronic diseases.
For each major topic in this supplement, speakers were invited to prepare a paper in advance of the workshop. These papers were sent to a first discussant to write a critical review. During the workshop, the speaker presented their paper, followed by a reply by the first discussant and a plenary discussion with all experts. After the workshop authors were able to update their papers based on the discussions.
Link to abstracts below.
Simple carbohydrates and obesity:
Fact, Fiction and Future
Guest Editors: W H M Saris and G D Foster
Workshop held at Karel V Hotel, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 5–6 Avril 2006
Volume 30, Issue S3 (Décembre 2006)
Table of Contents
Introduction
Simple carbohydrates and obesity: Fact, Fiction and Future
W H M Saris and G D Foster
Review
Carbohydrates as macronutrients in relation to protein and fat for body weight control
A Astrup
Response
Do favourable effects of increasing unsaturated fat intake on cardiovascular disease risk outweigh the potential adverse effect on body weight?
P L Zock
Review
Dietary protein, metabolism, and body-weight regulation: dose-response effects
M S Westerterp-Plantenga, N Luscombe-Marsh, M P G M Lejeune, K Diepvens, A Nieuwenhuizen, M P K J Engelen, N E P Deutz, D Azzout-Marniche, D Tome and K R Westerterp
Response
Prevention and treatment of obesity and related complications: a role for protein?
E E Blaak
Review
The possible role of sugar-sweetened beverages in obesity etiology: a review of the evidence
M Pereira
Response
Assessing the evidence for sugar-sweetened beverages in the aetiology of obesity, a question of control
S French and P Morris
Review
Low-glycaemic index diets and body weight regulation
J McMillan-Price and J Brand-Miller
Response
Low glycemic index diets and body weight
B Sloth and A Astrup
Review
Sugars-containing beverages and post-prandial satiety and food intake
G H Anderson
Response
Beverages and positive energy balance: the menace is the medium
R D Mattes
Review
Dietary glycaemic index from an epidemiological point of view
E J M Feskens and H Du
Response
Physiological mechanisms and observed health impacts related to the glycaemic index: some observations
T M S Wolever
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